The test in line 1 of the  procedure reads “if ” rather than “if .“ If MERGE_SROT is called with , then the subarray  is empty.
Argue that as long as the initial call of  has , the test “if ” suffices to ensure that no recursive call has .
We can proof this using induction:
Base Case:
The initial call is  
where , ,        
Recursive step:
Assuming a recursive call is made with p ≤ r. Then:
- Compute 
The two recursive calls:
1. 
- Since , then 
- So,  ( and not )
2. 
-  only if 
- Since , then   
Therefore in all of the recursive calls
    
So,  can never happen if  is only called when 
